suppressed(ozi-suppressed是什么意思？)
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正文
1、ozi-suppressed是什么意思？
ozi suppressed的中文翻译 ozi suppressed OZI压低
2、AWP和AWM是同一把枪吗？有什么区别？
精密国际AW（Arctic Warfare—北极作战）是英国精密国际公司设计研发的各种采用旋转后拉式枪机的狙击步枪构成的枪族。英国军队为替换老式的李-恩菲尔德狙击步枪（L42A1），1982年开始为新的狙击手武器系统招标。在最后选型的阶段，精密国际公司的PM步枪淘汰了帕克-黑尔公司（Parker-Hale）的M85步枪，被英国军方采用为制式步枪，军方给予编号为L96A1。
1983年，瑞典也对于新型狙击步枪开始选型，最终采纳了精密国际的PM步枪升级版，即Arctic Warfare（简称AW），瑞典国防军将其命名为PSG—90，而AW也作为精密国际步枪系列的专用名称。
而AWP（police）是为了满足执法机关的特殊需求进行改进的AW，用于执法镇暴用途，全体呈黑色。该武器因在《反恐精英》中出现而成名。然而考虑到其游戏内采用的口径，在游戏内出现的应该是AWM而非AWP。
AWM（Magnum，马格南或麦格农）AWM（麦格农）或AW SM（Super Magnum，超级麦格农）使用威力更加强大的弹药和加大的口径，如7mm 雷明顿马格南弹、.300 温彻斯特马格南和.338 拉普马格南。
此外，该枪还有AWS（Suppressed，具有消声器），AW50（.50 caliber，在原有基础上加以改进，使用口径为12.7×99毫米NATO（.50 BMG）的反器材步枪），AS50（口径为12.7×99毫米NATO（.50 BMG）的半自动步枪，供美国海军海豹突击队使用）等不同的版本。甚至出现了AICS底盘系统，可把北美流行的各种雷明登700步枪更换到AW系列的枪托。
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3、开国皇帝中，李渊可否算作混得比较窝囊的一位呢？
唐高祖李渊（566年1月13日—635年），字叔德，祖籍陇西成纪（今甘肃秦安西北），唐朝开国皇帝，杰出的政治家和战略家。李渊出身于北朝的关陇贵族，七岁袭封唐国公。隋末天下大乱时，李渊乘势从太原起兵，攻占长安。公元618年5月，李渊称帝，国号唐，定都长安，不久之后便统一了全国。玄武门之变后，李渊退位成为太上皇。贞观九年，李渊病逝。谥号太武皇帝，庙号高祖，葬在献陵。唐高宗上元元年（674年）八月，改上尊号为神尧皇帝。唐玄宗天宝十三载二月，上尊号神尧大圣大光孝皇帝。 李渊 祖父李虎，是北魏（后魏）的陇西郡公，西魏时，官最高做到太尉，宇文觉受魏禅建立北周，追封其为唐国公，这就是后来李渊所建大唐年号的来历。李渊之父李昞继承了唐国公的封号，在北周时任柱国大将军。李渊于公元566年（北周天和元年）出生在长安，仅七岁就继承了唐国公的称号。因为有了较高的出身，加上他本人的豁达与宽厚，才干出众，所以威望很高。李渊做过刺史，隋炀帝即位之初做了荥阳（今河南荥阳）、楼烦（今山西静乐县）两个郡的太守，后来任殿内少监、卫尉少卿。公元613年（大业九年），隋炀帝征伐高句丽时，李渊在怀远镇督运粮草。这时，杨玄感利用民愤举兵反隋，后来失败。在这期间，李渊奉命镇守弘化郡（今甘肃庆阳县），广交天下豪杰，遭到隋炀帝的猜疑。在615年调任山西、河东，到达龙门时，遇上了母端儿农民起义，李渊领兵击败了起义军，收编万余人，实力大增。第二年，他升为右骁卫将军，任太原道安抚大使，从此落脚太原，经营后来的起家之地。镇守太原之初，李渊就表现出过人的军事谋略。隋炀帝从楼烦巡游到雁门时，被突厥兵包围，因为李渊的太原兵才得以解围。隋炀帝便让他和马邑郡守王仁恭一同北击突厥。但他们的兵马很少，不足五千。李渊便选出擅长骑射的两千骑兵，吃住骑射仿效突厥兵，向突厥炫耀武力，等和突厥兵遭遇时李渊便下令攻击，结果打败突厥，从此之后，突厥不敢再轻易南下了。 617年，李渊正式任太原留守，成为一地最高长官。这里粮草充足，兵员广阔，李渊在此扎下根来，开始积蓄力量。 李渊为了巩固太原这块根据地，北面和突厥交好，消除隐患，南面主要是镇压了历山飞起义军。历山飞是农民起义军领袖魏刀儿的外号，共有十万多人，李渊和副留守王威领兵五六千与之决战于河西郡（今山西汾阳）的雀鼠谷。王威见对方兵多，便有些畏惧，李渊却劝他不必担心，说以智取胜一战必胜。等历山飞的军队列阵十余里长，向李渊他们进攻时，李渊将部队分成两阵，第一是大阵，主要是老弱兵，让他们多树旗帜，后面跟随许多辎重。第二阵是小阵，以数百名精锐骑兵分列左右队。开始将士都不解其意，王威只好率大阵前进。历山飞以为李渊就在大阵之中，便率主力进攻，看到辎重后又争相抢夺。趁此混乱之机，李渊率骑兵突然袭击，一举冲垮敌阵，打败历山飞的军队。李渊之所以如此用兵，是看到了敌我力量对比悬殊，不能正面决战，他抓住了对方纪律差的致命弱点，用了骑兵快速袭击打乱敌阵，然后趁机掩杀的作战方针，大获全胜。击败历山飞起义军后，李渊通过收编其残余，进一步壮大了自己的力量。 公元611年（大业七年），各地农民起义不断，全国共有近二百多支反隋起义军。后来逐渐形成三支主力，即窦建德河北起义军，杜伏威领导的江淮起义军，李密、翟让的瓦岗军。在617年，马邑郡（今山西朔县）人、鹰扬府校尉刘武周因为和太守王仁恭的侍女私通，怕被发现，便以贪污之名杀死了王仁恭，起兵建立定阳国，自称天子。李渊就以讨伐刘武周为名，开始招兵。因为这时还是以隋朝官员的名义行事，所以在很短的时间里便招到近万人。这遭到太原副留守王威和高君雅的猜疑，他们都是隋炀帝的亲信，对李渊颇有戒心。李渊则拉拢、利用他们身边的亲信掌握其动向。等李渊要正式起兵时便设计锄掉了身边的两个隐患。 617年（大业十二年）五月十四日的夜里，李渊命李世民在晋阳（即太原）宫城外埋下伏兵。第二天早晨，李渊和王威、高君雅议事。刘文静领开阳府（太原十八府之一）的司马刘政会到庭中，说有密状给李渊。李渊便让他交上来，但刘会政却不交，说要告的是副留守，只有李渊才能看。李渊假装吃惊地说：“怎么会有这种事？”李渊看后便对大家说：“王威、高君雅要勾结突厥入侵。”于是命人逮捕了他们二人。第二天，恰好有突厥几万人围攻太原，这更使人相信了。李渊趁机将二人杀掉。除了内患，李渊又智退突厥兵，然后与突厥和好，消除了北方的威胁。杀掉王威和高君雅之后，李渊便和将士紧密防守，对付突厥。他命裴寂和刘文静坚守城门，同时又让大门洞开。城墙上也不树旗帜。守城士兵不许张望、喧哗。这使突厥不明底细，不敢入城。李渊又在夜里派兵出城，早晨改道进城，使突厥误以为是援兵到达。最后突厥只好退兵走了。李渊的军事智谋由此可见一斑。突厥兵虽然退去了，但难保不再来。为了从根本上解决问题，李渊给突厥写了书信：“若能从我，不侵百姓，征伐所得，子女玉帛，皆可汗有之。”信中为了稳住突厥，李渊”启“表示尊重，这样做也是为了给南下用兵扫除后顾之忧。李树桐的《唐史考辨》里，综合分析了古代史料和文献，充分证明了事实是李渊没有称臣于突厥，那些李渊称臣于突厥的记载都是来源于许敬宗的伪造。 [3] 617年（大业十三年）七月，李渊率军三万誓师，正式起兵。在发布的檄文里斥责隋炀帝听信谗言，杀害忠良，穷兵黩武，致使民怨沸腾，“豺狼充于道路”，因此，李渊要废掉昏君隋炀帝，尊为太上皇，然后拥立代王杨侑为帝。其实，这仅仅是李渊的一种号召天下的策略而已，等时机一成熟，他便自己称帝了。 李渊在太原起兵之后，便以进军关中拿下长安为最终目标。西进的第一个障碍便是西河郡（今山西汾阳县）。李建成和李世民兄弟两仅用了九天便得胜而归，使得李渊喜出望外。然后，李渊建立了自己的基本的军事和政权机构：设置大将军府，自称大将军，长子李建成为陇西公、左领军大都督，统领左三军。李世民为敦煌公、右领军大都督，统领右三军。裴寂和刘文静为长史司马。 李渊画像 第二战是决战霍邑（今山西霍县）。在霍邑的西北有个贾胡堡，是霍邑的门户，但守卫霍邑的宋老生却没有派兵把守，李渊由此断定宋老生是个无能之辈。李渊害怕宋老生守城不出，打成持久战对自己不利。李世民却认为可以挑战引他出来决战。于是李渊让两个儿子领几十名骑兵近城观察，自己将部队分成十几队，从城东南到西南，摆出一副安营攻城的架势。宋老生果然中计，以为李渊要攻城，便领兵三万出战。李渊领兵假装后退，让李建成和李世民领兵抢占了东门和南门，切断了宋老生的退路。在交战中李渊又散布宋老生已经战死的谣言，动摇了隋军的军心。隋军大败，全军覆没。宋老生也在被守军用绳子往城墙上提时，被李渊的军头卢军谔跳起杀死。李渊顺利占领了霍邑。此后，李渊又攻打河东，没有攻下。李渊听从了李世民直接入关中的建议，分兵攻长安。等围攻长安成功建立唐朝之后，又继续围困，到620年（唐高祖武德三年）正月才最终占领河东。登基 占领长安 称帝建唐 在招降长安失败后，李渊下令攻城，占领之后又下令禁止掳掠百姓，受到百姓们夹道欢迎。在617年（隋大业十三年）十一月，李渊拥立隋代王杨侑为帝，即隋恭帝，改元义宁，尊在江都（今江苏扬州）的隋炀帝为太上皇帝，李渊为大丞相，封唐王，以武德殿为丞相府（所以后来李渊便以“武德”为自己在位时的年号），李世民为秦公。这实际是在为以后称帝搞一个过渡。到618年（大业十四年）五月，隋炀帝的右屯卫将军宇文化及在江都兵变，勒死了隋炀帝。然后立秦王杨浩为帝，自己做大丞相。随后领兵十万北上，但被李密打败，宇文化及败走魏县（今河北大名东），毒死杨浩，自己称帝，建立许国，自称（ 许太祖 ）高皇帝，也有史家称之为 隋废帝 。公元619年，未过足皇帝瘾的宇文化及在聊城被窦建德杀死。公元618年（武德元年），李渊逼隋恭帝杨侑禅位，称帝建唐，改年号为武德，定都长安。
英语翻译：Li Yuan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty (January 13, 566-635), with the word Shude, was born in Longxi Chengji (now northwest of Qin'an, Gansu), the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, an outstanding statesman and strategist. Li Yuan was born in the Guanlong noble family in the Northern Dynasties. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, when the world was in turmoil, Li Yuan took advantage of the momentum to attack Chang'an from Taiyuan. In May 618 AD, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, the country was named Tang, and his capital was Chang'an. Soon after, he unified the country. After the Xuanwu Gate changed, Li Yuan abdicated and became the Supreme Emperor. In the nine years of Zhenguan, Li Yuan died of illness. The posthumous name is Taiwu Emperor and the temple is named Gaozu, and he is buried in Xianling Mausoleum. In August of the first year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (674), the name of Shangzun was changed to Emperor Shen Yao. In February of the thirteenth anniversary of the Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was named Emperor Yao, the Great Sage and Emperor Daguangxiao. Li Yuan’s grandfather, Li Hu, was the Longxi County Lord of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Later Wei). In the Western Wei Dynasty, the highest official was Taiwei. Yu Wenjue was established by Wei Chan in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and later named Tang Guogong. This is the later Tang Dynasty established by Li Yuan. The origin of the number. Li Yuan's father, Li Fang, inherited the title of Tang Guogong and served as the general of Zhu Guo in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Li Yuan was born in Chang'an in 566 AD (the first year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty) and inherited the title of Tang Guogong at the age of seven. Because of his relatively high background, coupled with his own open-mindedness and generosity, his talents are outstanding, so his prestige is high. Li Yuan served as the governor. At the beginning of his ascension to the throne, Emperor Yang served as the prefect of Xingyang (present-day Xingyang, Henan) and Loufan (present-day Jingle County, Shanxi), and later served as the junior superintendent in the palace and Wei Shaoqing. In 613 AD (the 9th year of the great cause), when Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty conquered Goguryeo, Li Yuan supervised the transportation of grain and grass in Huaiyuan Town. At this time, Yang Xuangan used popular anger to raise troops to fight against the Sui Dynasty, but later failed. During this period, Li Yuan was ordered to guard Honghua County (present-day Qingyang County, Gansu), to make friends with the world's heroes, and was suspected by Emperor Sui Yang. In 615, he was transferred to Shanxi and Hedong. When he arrived at Longmen, he encountered a peasant uprising in Muduan'er. Li Yuan led the army to defeat the uprising army and recruited more than 10,000 people, greatly increasing his strength. In the following year, he was promoted to General You Xiaowei and served as Taiyuan Road Appeasement Ambassador. Since then, he settled in Taiyuan and managed the place where he started. At the beginning of guarding Taiyuan, Li Yuan showed extraordinary military strategy. When Emperor Yang of Sui paraded from Loufan to Yanmen, he was surrounded by Turkic soldiers. It was because of Li Yuan's Taiyuan soldiers that he was able to escape. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty asked him to attack the Turks north together with Wang Ren Gong, the guard of Mayi County. But they have few soldiers and horses, less than five thousand. Li Yuan selected two thousand cavalry soldiers who were good at cavalry and shooting. They followed the example of Turkic soldiers and showed off their strength to the Turks. When they encountered the Turkic soldiers, Li Yuan ordered an attack and defeated the Turks. From then on, the Turks did not dare to go south easily. . In 617, Li Yuan formally served as Taiyuan to stay behind and became the supreme officer of the place. There is plenty of food and grass, and the soldiers are vast. Li Yuan took root here and began to accumulate strength. In order to consolidate the base area of Taiyuan, Li Yuan made good relations with the Turks in the north and eliminated hidden dangers. In the south, the Li Shanfei rebels were suppressed. Li Shanfei is the nickname of Wei Dao'er, leader of the peasant uprising army. There are more than 100,000 people. Li Yuan and his deputy Wang Wei led five or six thousand soldiers to fight with them in Queshu Valley in Hexi County (now Fenyang, Shanxi). Wang Wei was a little scared when he saw that the opponent had a lot of soldiers, but Li Yuan advised him not to worry, saying that winning with wisdom will win. When Li Shanfei’s army formation was more than ten miles long and attacked Li Yuan and the others, Li Yuan divided the army into two formations. The first was the large formation, mainly the old and weak soldiers. They were asked to set up more flags and follow a lot of luggage. The second formation is a small formation, with hundreds of elite cavalry lined up on the left and right. At first the soldiers were puzzled, and Wang Wei had no choice but to advance in a large array. Li Shanfei thought that Li Yuan was in the big formation, so he led the main force to attack, and after seeing the heavy baggage, he scrambled to grab. Taking advantage of this chaos, Li Yuan led the cavalry to attack suddenly, smashing the enemy and defeating Li Shanfei's army. The reason why Li Yuan used troops in this way was that he saw the disparity between the enemy and the enemy and could not fight head-on. He grasped the enemy's Achilles heel of poor discipline and used cavalry to quickly attack and disrupt the enemy's formation, and then took the opportunity to cover up and kill the battle policy, winning a big victory. After defeating the Li Shanfei uprising army, Li Yuan further strengthened his strength by incorporating its remnants. In 611 AD (the seventh year of the Great Cause), peasant uprisings continued, and there were nearly two hundred anti-Sui uprising troops across the country. Later, three main forces gradually formed, namely Dou Jiande Hebei Uprising Army, Jianghuai Uprising Army led by Du Fuwei, and Wagang Army led by Li Mi and Zhai Rang. In 617, Liu Wuzhou, a native of Mayi County (now Shuo County, Shanxi) and a lieutenant of Yingyang Mansion, killed Wang Rengong in the name of corruption because he had an affair with the maid of the prefect Wang Rengong, and he set up Dingyang. Country, claiming to be the emperor. Li Yuan began to recruit troops in the name of crusade against Liu Wuzhou. Because it was still acting in the name of Sui Dynasty officials, nearly 10,000 people were recruited in a short time. This was suspected by Wang Wei and Gao Junya, the deputy left-behind in Taiyuan, who were all close followers of Emperor Sui Yang and were quite wary of Li Yuan. Li Yuan wooed them and used their cronies to control their movements. When Li Yuan was about to formally raise troops, he designed to remove two hidden dangers around him. On the night of May 14th in 617 (the twelfth year of the great cause), Li Yuan ordered Li Shimin to lay an ambush outside the palace of Jinyang (that is, Taiyuan). The next morning, Li Yuan discussed matters with Wang Wei and Gao Junya. Liu Wenjing led Sima Liu Zhenghui of Kaiyang Mansion (one of the 18th Mansion in Taiyuan) to the court and said that there was a secret letter to Li Yuan. Li Yuan asked him to hand it in, but Liu Huizheng refused to hand it in, saying that the deputy was staying behind and only Li Yuan could watch it. Li Yuan pretended to be surprised and said: "Why is there such a thing?" Li Yuan said to everyone after watching: "Wang Wei and Gao Junya are going to collude with the Turkic invasion." So they were ordered to arrest them. The next day, tens of thousands of Turks happened to besiege Taiyuan, which is even more convincing. Li Yuan took the opportunity to kill the two. In addition to internal troubles, Li Yuan wisely retreated the Turkic soldiers and reconciled with the Turks, eliminating the threat from the north. After killing Wang Wei and Gao Junya, Li Yuan defended closely with the soldiers to deal with the Turks. He ordered Pei Ji and Liu Wenjing to guard the city gate, and at the same time let the gate open. There are no flags on the walls. Guardsmen are not allowed to look around or make noise. This makes the Turks unclear and dare not enter the city. Li Yuan sent troops out of the city at night, and changed his route into the city in the morning, making the Turks mistakenly believe that reinforcements arrived. Finally the Turks had to retreat and leave. Li Yuan's military ingenuity can be seen from this. Although the Turkic soldiers retreated, it is difficult to guarantee that they will not come again. In order to solve the problem fundamentally, Li Yuan wrote a letter to the Turks: "If I can not invade the people, the income from the conquest, and the children’s jade silk, all Khan has it." In the letter, in order to stabilize the Turks, Li Yuan "qi" expressed respect. , This is also to clear away the worries of the soldiers going south. In Li Shutong’s "A Research on the History of the Tang Dynasty", a comprehensive analysis of ancient historical materials and documents fully proves the fact that Li Yuan did not claim a vassal in the Turks. Those records of Li Yuan claiming a vassal in the Turks were all forged by Xu Jingzong. [3] In July 617 (the thirteenth year of the great cause), Li Yuan led an army of 30,000 oath divisions and officially launched his army. In the published essay, he accused Sui Yang Emperor of listening to the slander, killing Zhongliang, and violating the army, causing public grievances and "wolves filling the road." Therefore, Li Yuan wanted to abolish Emperor Sui Yang, honored Emperor Yang, and then support Yang You, the king of Sui. For the emperor. In fact, this is just a strategy of Li Yuan to call on the world. When the time is right, he will proclaim himself emperor. After Li Yuan raised his troops in Taiyuan, his final goal was to march into Guanzhong and win Chang'an. The first obstacle to the westward movement was Xihe County (now Fenyang County, Shanxi). It took only nine days for the brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin to return after victory, making Li Yuan overjoyed. Then, Li Yuan established his own basic military and political institutions: he set up a general mansion and called himself a general. The eldest son Li Jiancheng became the governor of Longxi Gong, the left leader, and commanded the left three armies. Li Shimin was the chief governor of Dunhuang, the leader of the right, and the three right armies. Pei Ji and Liu Wenjing are Chang Shi Sima. Portrait of Li Yuan The second battle was the decisive battle Huo Yi (now Huo County, Shanxi). There is Jiahu Fort in the northwest of Huo Yi, which is the gateway to Huo Yi, but Song Laosheng, who guards Huo Yi, did not send soldiers to guard him. Li Yuan thus concluded that Song Laosheng was an incompetent man. Li Yuan was afraid that Song Laosheng would not be able to defend the city, and it would not be good for him to fight for a long time. Li Shimin thought he could be challenged to lead him to a decisive battle. So Li Yuan asked his two sons to lead dozens of cavalry to observe the city, and he divided the troops into dozens of teams, from the southeast to the southwest of the city, in a posture of camp and siege. Song Laosheng really got the trick, thinking that Li Yuan was going to attack the city, so he led thirty thousand soldiers into the battle. Li Yuan led the troops to pretend to retreat, let Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin lead the troops to seize the East Gate and South Gate, cutting off Song Laosheng's retreat. During the battle, Li Yuan spread the rumors that Song Laosheng had died in battle, shaking the military heart of the Sui army. The Sui Army was defeated and the whole army was wiped out. Song Laosheng was also taken to the city wall with a rope by the defenders when he was killed by Li Yuan's army chief Lu Junyi jumping up and killing him. Li Yuan successfully occupied Huo Yi. After that, Li Yuan attacked Hedong again, but did not take it. Li Yuan obeyed Li Shimin's suggestion to enter the pass directly, and divided his troops into Chang'an. After the successful siege of Chang'an and the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the siege continued until the first month of the first month of 620 (Tang Gaozu Wude 3rd year) before finally occupying Hedong. Ascended to the throne, occupied Chang'an, and called the emperor built Tang Dynasty. After the failure of surrendering to Chang'an, Li Yuan ordered the siege of the city. After the occupation, he ordered the prohibition of plundering the people, which was welcomed by the people. In November 617 (the 13th year of the Great Cause of the Sui Dynasty), Li Yuan supported Emperor Yang Yu of the Sui Dynasty as Emperor Gong, changed Yuan Yining, and respected Emperor Yang in Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) as Emperor Taishang. Li Yuan was the prime prime minister, named the king of Tang Dynasty, and Wu De Hall was the prime minister's residence (so later Li Yuan used "wu De" as his reign name), and Li Shimin was Qin Gong. This is actually making a transition for the future emperorship. In May 618 (the fourteenth year of the great cause), Emperor Yang’s culture of General Youtunwei and his mutiny in Jiangdu strangled Emperor Yang to death. Then he made Qin King Yang Hao the emperor and became the prime minister himself. Then he led a hundred thousand troops northward, but was defeated by Li Mi, Yu Wenhua and defeated Wei County (now Hebei Daming East), poisoned Yang Hao, proclaimed himself emperor, established Xu Guo, proclaimed himself (Xu Taizu) the emperor Gao, and also known by historians. For the emperor of the Sui Dynasty. In 619 AD, the Yu culture, which had not passed the emperor's addiction, was killed by Dou Jiande in Liaocheng. In 618 AD (the first year of Wude), Li Yuan forced Emperor Gongdi Yang Yu of the Sui Dynasty to take the position of Zen.